std::vector<T,Allocator>::emplace_back
来自cppreference.com
template< class... Args > void emplace_back( Args&&... args ); |
(C++11 起) (C++17 前) |
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template< class... Args > reference emplace_back( Args&&... args ); |
(C++17 起) (C++20 前) |
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template< class... Args > constexpr reference emplace_back( Args&&... args ); |
(C++20 起) | |
添加新元素到容器尾。元素通过 std::allocator_traits::construct 构造,它典型地用布置 new 于容器所提供的位置原位构造元素。参数 args...
以 std::forward<Args>(args)... 转发到构造函数。
若新的 size() 大于 capacity() ,则所有迭代器和引用(包含尾后迭代器)都被非法化。否则仅尾后迭代器被非法化。
参数
args | - | 转发到元素构造函数的参数 |
类型要求 | ||
-value_type 必须满足可移动插入 (MoveInsertable) 和 可就位构造 (EmplaceConstructible) 的要求。
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返回值
(无) |
(C++17 前) |
到被插入元素的引用。 |
(C++17 起) |
复杂度
均摊常数。
异常
若抛出异常,则此函数无效果(强异常保证)。
若 T
的移动构造函数非 noexcept 且非可复制插入 (CopyInsertable) 到 *this
,则 vector 将使用抛出的移动构造函数。若它抛出,则保证被舍弃,且效果未指定。
注解
因为可能发生再分配, emplace_back
对 vector
要求元素类型为可移动插入 (MoveInsertable) 。
特化 std::vector<bool> 在 C++14 前无 emplace_back()
成员。
示例
下列代码用 emplace_back
后附 President
类型对象到 std::vector 。它演示 emplace_back
如何转发参数到 President
的构造函数,并展示如何用 emplace_back
避免用 push_back
时的额外复制或移动操作。
运行此代码
#include <vector> #include <string> #include <iostream> struct President { std::string name; std::string country; int year; President(std::string p_name, std::string p_country, int p_year) : name(std::move(p_name)), country(std::move(p_country)), year(p_year) { std::cout << "I am being constructed.\n"; } President(President&& other) : name(std::move(other.name)), country(std::move(other.country)), year(other.year) { std::cout << "I am being moved.\n"; } President& operator=(const President& other) = default; }; int main() { std::vector<President> elections; std::cout << "emplace_back:\n"; elections.emplace_back("Nelson Mandela", "South Africa", 1994); std::vector<President> reElections; std::cout << "\npush_back:\n"; reElections.push_back(President("Franklin Delano Roosevelt", "the USA", 1936)); std::cout << "\nContents:\n"; for (President const& president: elections) { std::cout << president.name << " was elected president of " << president.country << " in " << president.year << ".\n"; } for (President const& president: reElections) { std::cout << president.name << " was re-elected president of " << president.country << " in " << president.year << ".\n"; } }
输出:
emplace_back: I am being constructed. push_back: I am being constructed. I am being moved. Contents: Nelson Mandela was elected president of South Africa in 1994. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was re-elected president of the USA in 1936.
参阅
将元素添加到容器末尾 (公开成员函数) |